Example Of The Three Theoretical Perspectives Of Sociology

Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology Nanesha Greathouse HCC Abstract This paper describes the three major theoretical perspectives in Sociology: symbolic interactionism, functionalism and conflict theory. Sociologists developed these theoretical perspectives to help explain the way individuals conduct themselves and to help us to gain a better understanding of the world around us. Throughout this paper, the reader will learn about each perspective and its origin as well as additional information as to how it applies to our lives. Examples will also be provided to gain a clear understanding. Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology Sociology helps us to gain a better understanding of the society and understand why†¦show more content†¦As mentioned above, sociologists study symbolic interactionism at the micro level meaning their focus is on a smaller scale. Symbolic interactionism suggests that our behavior or who we are is influenced by the way others view us. We react to things based on how we see others react to things. For example, if we see our parents remain calm after hurting themselves when we are children, we will also remain calm. Another example would be a person’s love for reading. Based on the meaning of symbolic interactionism, one could conclude that one’s love for reading was achieved through their interactions with friends, family, or school. Unlike symbolic interactionism, conflict theory is a macro-level approach. Conflict theory, founded by German Philosopher Karl Marx, can be defined as â€Å"a theoretical framework in which society is viewed as composed of groups that are competing for scarce resources† (Henslin, 2014, p. 33). This perspective differs from symbolic interactionism in that it views society as a competition for limited resources. Marx argues that society is composed of individuals within different social classes that face economic inequalities. The focus of conflict theory is that economic inequalities increase social differences and also leads to differences in power. German sociologist Max Weber added that in addition to economic inequalities that these inequalities lead to conflict. Conflict arises because resources are limited. Conflict theory suggestsShow MoreRelatedSociology And The Theoretical Perspectives Of Sociology1710 Words   |  7 PagesSociology is seen every day in our lives as humans, it is the scientific study of human behavior and society. The idea of sociology has not been around forever. The term sociology comes from a man named Auguste Comte who takes credit for this study. Not only did Comte come up with this idea but there were several things that influenced the study of Sociology and how we view it today. 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Physics Summary Sheet Free Essays

Physics Glossary Electric circuit – one simple, complete conducting circuit pathway Electronic gadget – a machine that consists of multiple circuits and transducers Transducer – device that converts energy from one form to another Input transducer – converts other forms of energy (sound, light, heat) into electrical energy, e. g. microphone Output transducer – converts electrical energy into other forms of energy, e. We will write a custom essay sample on Physics Summary Sheet or any similar topic only for you Order Now g. peakers Processor Component – found in electronic gadgets, receives signals from input transducer and responds by operating the output transducer Transistor – device found in processors that can amplify electrical signals or act as a switch Diodes – also found in processors, allows the electric current to flow in only one direction Semi-conductor – a material whose ability to conduct electricity is somewhere between a conductor and insulator LED – a light emitting diode, which is a transistor which transforms electric current into thermal and light energy. Found in traffic lights, car lamps and indicator lights, and are sturdy, operate for a longer time and use less energy than standard lights. Integrated circuit – a usually complex circuit with many components, and is packaged into a small unit called a chip Magnetic field – is created when an electric charge moves; it is a region where a permanent experiences a magnetic force of attraction or repulsion Electromagnet – is created when a coil of wire is wrapped around a soft piece of iron when an electric current flows through the wire the magnetic field it creates causes the domains in the iron to line up, creating a strong magnet Domains – the magnetic regions the iron atoms arrange themselves into that act like tiny magnets with north and south poles Electricity – The collection of physical effects related to the force and motion of electrically charged particles, typically electrons, through or across matter and space Electromagnetic Gadget – A machine that consists of a coil wire wrapped around a soft piece of iron when electric current flows through the wire the magnetic field it creates causes the domains in the iron to line up, creating a strong magnet Light – Electromagnetic radiation that can be perceived by the human eye, it is made up of electromagnetic waves Electromagnetic Spectrum – A range of electromagnetic energy which includes light that we can see and light that we cannot see. An example of light we cannot see is radio waves Transparent – Having  the  property  of  transmitting  rays  of  light  through  its substance Translucent – Permitting light to pass through but diffusing it so that persons, objects, etc. , on the opposite side are not clearly visible Opaque – Does not allow light to pass through Reflection – The  change  in  direction  of  a  wave,  such  as  a  light  or  soundwave,  away  from  a  boundary  the  wave  encounters Refraction – When light travels from one medium to another, it speeds up or slows down Our eyes: cont ain two different photoreceptors; rods which detect light and cones which detect colour -our eye detects primary colours with only one type of cone -secondary colours created by multiple cones ‘firing’ simultaneously. Our eyes: -contain two different photoreceptors; rods which detect light and cones which detect colour -our eye detects primary colours with only one type of cone -secondary colours created by multiple cones ‘firing’ simultaneously. Our eyes: -contain two different photoreceptors; rods which detect light and cones which detect colour -our eye detects primary colours with only one type of cone -secondary colours created by multiple cones ‘firing’ simultaneously. Our eyes: contain two different photoreceptors; rods which detect light and cones which detect colour -our eye detects primary colours with only one type of cone -secondary colours created by multiple cones ‘firing’ simultaneously. LIGHT Our eyes: -contain two different photoreceptors; rods which detect light and cones which detect colour -our eye detects primary colours with only one type of cone -secondary colours created by multiple cones ‘firing’ simultaneously Human Eye * We see images in our retinas because the fovea in the central of the retina controls the eyes sharpest vision and is the location of most colour perception, which is how we see. How to cite Physics Summary Sheet, Essay examples

Contrast Essay Between Central Route and Peripheral Route to Persuasion free essay sample

We are constantly exposed to different sources of persuasion everyday whether it is from the advertisements on television, or the towering billboards we drive past, persuasion is unavoidable. There are two routes to persuasion: the central route and the peripheral route. They both differ from each other and have their own distinct processes that control the way in which people are persuaded. The central route to persuasion requires people to actively think about the message being presented. People are usually interested in the topic and consider it to be somewhat of high important and relevance. This motivates them to think carefully about the message, its validity, credibility and the content of its argument. Things like the message’s advantages and disadvantages will be reflected upon. Once the message has been analyzed, through deep processing, people will usually create their own personal opinions on the topic. Because this type of persuasion makes people actively reflect on the message, changed attitudes will occur and persuasion will usually have a bigger impact (Petty others, 1995). We will write a custom essay sample on Contrast Essay Between Central Route and Peripheral Route to Persuasion or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This type of persuasion is used in settings like election speeches and political debate. However, persuasion through this route will only be successful if the arguments are strong and compelling. The peripheral route, on the other hand, does not require people to actively listen to the message. Rather, people are less motivated to pay attention to the message’s content and rely on heuristics to judge whether to believe what is being said. According to Myers (2010), Heuristics are thinking strategies that enable quick efficient judgments. They are a smart mechanism that helps save both time and brainpower due to the constant exposure to persuasion one faces everyday. When shown a certain message that might not have high importance, one saves energy by searching for cues that shows whether the message is believable or not. Things like the message’s source, how long the message is or the number of statistics being presented are all examples of incidental cues (Chaiken Maheswaran, 1994). The person who presents the message also affects the believability of the message. Research as shown that the more attractive a person is, the more trustworthy and knowledgeable they seem (Chaiken Maheswaran, 1994). This rule governs the advertising world as businesses pay millions of dollars for celebrities and models to advertise their products. Another important heuristic is the amount of people who have already signed up or accepted the persuasion. One may think, ‘If everyone has signed up then it must be alright. ’ The type of person is also an important factor in encouraging people to automatically accept persuasion, ‘If experts have endorsed this then the message must be credible. The same goes to close friends, especially people who one judges as similar to them, ‘If Maddy buys it then it must be good. ’ The central route and the peripheral route have distinct affects on persuasion. The central route requires people to invest active involvement and thus demand people to form their own opinions on the matter. It is not merely just one’s reflection on the message’s content but also one’s own formation of thoughts and response on the matter too. This process of changing attitudes and active participation causes persuasion to last longer (Petty others, 1995) Conversely, the peripheral route only produces temporary attitude change. This causes persuasion to last relatively short compared to the central route. However, the peripheral routes to persuasion is utilized a lot more than the central route and is often used to make quick judgments on the messages that one constantly faces everyday. In conclusion, there are clear differences between the two types of routes to persuasion. The central route requires one’s active engagement and consideration of the message and will usually have a longer lasting affect. The peripheral route, however, relies on heuristics and incidental cues to guide quick judgments of the message causing persuasion to be shorter lasting. Both routes have their advantages and disadvantages, and are suited to specific types of situations, which one can choose from when facing persuasion.

Understand why effective communication is important in the work setting free essay sample

Identify the different reasons people communicate. In order to indentify the reasons that people communicate it is important to understand what is meant by communication. According to the Oxford dictionary the definition is The imparting or exchanging of information by speaking, writing, or using some other medium We exchange information with each other in order to establish and develop relationships. Through communication we can give and receive instructions, advice or warnings. We can share experiences, ideas and knowledge and learn from each other. Communication is a channel to express feelings and emotions, our requirements and needs. Even before they can speak, babies and young children use communication to alert their carer to their wants, needs, and feelings. E. g. crying to alert someone that their nappy is dirty, putting their arms out to signal that they want to be picked up, or pointing at something that they would like. Good communication is a key requirement of my job as I interact with children and their parents/carers and other members of staff on a daily basis. We will write a custom essay sample on Understand why effective communication is important in the work setting or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In communicating and sharing with other members of staff we can ensure a continuity of care for the children and develop best working practices. In exchanging information with parents we can ensure that the needs of the children are met and we are kept informed of any changes in their home life. If a child has been unwell and brings in medicine to preschool, it is of upmost importance that details on medicine dosage are communicated effectively as incorrect administering of this could have serious consequences. Regular staff meetings allow a communication exchange where ideas about activities and displays can be discussed, important information about policies and procedures for the setting can be shared, and the needs particular children can be reviewed. We are constantly communicating both verbally and non verbally. We exchange information through spoken word, email, text message, letters, drawings, songs and music. We also have to remember that we also communicate via our body language, eye contact, facial expressions and gestures so it is not just a case of what we say but how we say it. Explain how communication affects relationships in the work setting. Good communication is essential within an Early years setting as our job relies on day to day contact with a diverse range people. These include work colleagues, parents, children and other professional agencies. Good communication allows these diverse groups to develop positive relationships where they can work together effectively and efficiently. Poor communication has a negative impact on working relationships and can lead to misunderstandings, mistrust, low morale and can lead to feelings of anxiety, alienation or isolation and high staff turnover. In extreme circumstances it could even lead to anger and conflict. In order for me to develop within my role, it is key that there is effective communication between my manager, key workers and me. Positive relationships at work will allow me to share and gain information, support a childs learning and work effectively as part of a team. As an example, When asked to lead an activity with the children, having clear instructions communicated to me before I begin allows me to feel confident and equipped to run with it. Having the opportunity to express any concerns not only helps me to learn, but is an important part of a two way communication process. It is important to have good communication in place with parents so that a positive relationship is maintained and parents have confidence that their child is being well looked after. When working with young children there is lot of information that needs to be exchanged between the parent/carer and their key worker. Information is routinely exchanged about how the child is feeling, their current likes and dislikes, updates on their development and changes in routine. At my setting there are lots of ways that we communicate with parents. A weekly email is sent out to which contains important information such as key dates when events are happening, details on parents consultation evenings, ways that parents can support their children, and the focus areas of the week. Each child has a communication book and this is a valuable way to ensure that any pertinent information about the child is recorded. This could be the parents writing in the book to advise that they will be on holiday next week or the childs key worker writing a note about a key observation that happened with that child that day. Good communication between the Early Years Practitioner and a child is key to developing a positive relationship and ensuring that the child is happy and settled and making the most from their preschool experience. Showing an interest in the child helps to build their confidence, and understanding their likes and dislikes helps us to support them with their development and learning. The settling in period is a key time that can affect a childs experience of school. Being friendly and welcoming and engaging them in activities that they are interested in will have a positive impact on them adjusting to preschool In some circumstances, the practioner may need to work with outside agencies from professional backgrounds such as social work, health education. Effective communication with these agencies to work together to achieve targets that will benefit the child. This communication may be on a more formal basis, and is important that information shared is accurate, clear, concise and non-judgmental. We must remember that communication is a two-way process; it is not just about sending the right message, but ensuring that this message is being correctly received and understood by the other person. There can be barriers to effective communication so it is important that we are aware of our differences and other constraints such as time pressures. We need to be aware of individuals needs, wishes, values, culture and their belief system. Therefore a key skill in effective communication is being able to adapt to the needs of other people eg speaking slowly and clearly to someone where English is not their first language and avoiding long words and jargon in non professional situations. Whether we mean to or not, we give messages to other people by the way we say things so we need to be conscious of the tone of our voice, our facial expression and our body language. For example turning your back to someone can be rude so in order to build good relationships we need to be aware how we position ourselves. In conclusion, developing good communication skills is a key factor to be a good practioner in an early years setting. At work we come into contact with a broad spectrum of people from young children to professional agencies so we need to be able to adapt our communication style to suit the level of the individual we are engaging with.